Background: The emergence and spread of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-
producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), particularly in Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter …

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in humans. It is primarily
caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which has a high multidrug resistance …

Background: Escherichia coli is the most prominent cause of infectious diseases that span
from the gastrointestinal tract to extra-intestinal sites such as urinary tract infection …

In today's world, there are other important problems, such as climate change and
environmental problems and the loss of genetic resources, in addition to the issue of human …

Background Extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are growing in
number worldwide and cause complications in antibiotic therapy for patients, thus raising …

Aims: This study aimed to investigate class 1 integrons and biofilm formation in multi-drug
resistance (MDR) Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from patients with urinary …

Introduction: Growing evidence exists that agriculture affects antibiotic resistance in human
pathogens. Beta-lactam antibiotics are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in …

Materials and Methods This study was conducted over a period of 13 months (from January
2016 to February 2017) on 972 samples with a suspected UTI extracted from among …

Introduction: Microorganisms in response to drug development, acquire resistance through a
variety of mechanisms. The prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQ), such as …

Abstract Background and Aim In recent years, increase in extended-spectrum β-lactamases
(ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli has led to limitations of treatment options. This study …