Although humans are the only species to possess language-driven abstract mathematical
capacities, we share with many other animals a nonverbal capacity for estimating quantities …

The human brain possesses neural networks and mechanisms enabling the representation
of numbers, basic arithmetic operations, and mathematical reasoning. Without the ability to …

The numerosity of small numbers of objects, up to about four, can be rapidly appraised
without error, a phenomenon known as subitizing. Larger numbers can either be counted …

Subitizing is the immediate apprehension of the exact number of items in small sets. Despite
more than a 100years of research around this phenomenon, its nature and origin are still …

Studies of human adults, infants, and non-human animals demonstrate that non-symbolic
numerical cognition is supported by at least two distinct cognitive systems: a “parallel …

In this study, we investigated in school-age children the relationship among mathematical
performance, the perception of numerosity (discrimination and mapping to number line), and …

The last decade has seen a rapid growth in our understanding of the cognitive systems that
underlie mathematical learning and performance, and an increased recognition of the …

Traditionally, the visual enumeration of a small number of items (1 to about 4), referred to as
subitizing, has been thought of as a parallel and pre-attentive process and functionally …

Previous work has shown that when arrays of objects are grouped within clusters,
participants can enumerate their numerosity more rapidly than when objects are randomly …

Humans can estimate numerosity over a large range, but the precision with which they do so
varies considerably over that range. For very small sets, within the subitizing range of up to …