Cell death is a fundamental biological phenomenon that is essential for the survival and
development of an organism. Emerging evidence also indicates that cell death contributes to …

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global public health challenge that results in significant
morbidity and mortality worldwide. TB is caused by infection with the bacilli Mycobacterium …

The major innate immune cell types involved in tuberculosis (TB) infection are
macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils and natural killer (NK) cells. These immune …

While a third of the world carries the burden of tuberculosis, disease control has been
hindered by a lack of tools, including a rapid, point-of-care diagnostic and a protective …

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes> 1.5 million deaths worldwide annually.
Innate immune cells are the first to encounter M. tuberculosis, and their response dictates …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that
play a central role in host cell recognition and responses to microbial pathogens. TLR …

Abstract Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is an important mediator of innate immunity but can also promote
inflammatory tissue damage. During chronic infections such as tuberculosis, the beneficial …

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 contribute to host defense against infection by augmenting
antimicrobial properties of phagocytes and initiating Th1 and Th17 adaptive immune …

Induction, production, and release of proinflammatory cytokines are essential steps to
establish an effective host defense. Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family induce …

Despite the development of potentially curative chemotherapy, tuberculosis (TB) continues
to cause increasing worldwide morbidity and is a leading cause of human mortality in the …