This year, the field of neuroscience celebrates the 50th anniversary of Mountcastle's
discovery of the cortical column. In this review, we summarize half a century of research and …

Primary and secondary visual cortex (V1 and V2) form the foundation of the cortical visual
system. V1 transforms information received from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and …

Visual area V4 in the macaque monkey is a cortical area that is strongly involved in color
and shape perception. However, fundamental questions about V4 are still debated. V4 was …

Areas V1 and V2 of Macaque monkey visual cortex are characterized by unique cytochrome-
oxidase (CO)–staining patterns. Initial electrophysiological studies associated CO blobs in …

In visual cortex, responses to stimulation of the receptive field (RF) are modulated by
simultaneous stimulation of the RF surround. The mechanisms for surround modulation …

The vascular supply to layers and columns was compared in macaque primary visual cortex
(V1) by labeling red blood cells via their endogenous peroxidase activity. Alternate sections …

The perception of visual depth is determined by integration of spatial disparities of inputs
from the two eyes. Single cells in visual cortex of monkeys are known to respond to specific …

Several brightness illusions indicate that borders can affect the perception of surfaces
dramatically. In the Cornsweet illusion, two equiluminant surfaces appear to be different in …

Cortical maps and feedback connections are ubiquitous features of the visual cerebral
cortex. The role of the feedback connections, however, is unclear. This study was aimed at …

Three decades ago, Rockel et al. proposed that neuronal surface densities (number of
neurons under a square millimeter of surface) of primary visual cortices (V1s) in primates is …