Over the past two decades, elucidation of the genetic defects that underlie cancer has
resulted in a plethora of novel targeted cancer drugs. Although these agents can initially be …

Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of
melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with …

Cancer is characterized as a complex disease caused by coordinated alterations of multiple
signaling pathways. The Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling is one of the best-defined …

The success of targeted therapies in cancer treatment has been impeded by various
mechanisms of resistance. Besides the acquisition of resistance-conferring genetic …

Malignant transformation can result in melanoma cells that resemble different stages of their
embryonic development. Our gene expression analysis of human melanoma cell lines and …

The combination of next-generation sequencing and advanced computational data analysis
approaches has revolutionized our understanding of the genomic underpinnings of cancer …

RAS genes are the most commonly mutated oncogenes in cancer, but effective therapeutic
strategies to target RAS-mutant cancers have proved elusive. A key aspect of this challenge …

In June 2022, the FDA granted Accelerated Approval to the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib in
combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib for the treatment of adult and paediatric …

Although RAS was formerly considered undruggable, various agents that inhibit RAS or
specific RAS oncoproteins have now been developed. Indeed, the importance of directly …

Although RAF monomer inhibitors (type I. 5, BRAF (V600)) are clinically approved for the
treatment of BRAF V600-mutant melanoma, they are ineffective in non-BRAF V600 mutant …