Overcrowding conditions and temperatures shifts regularly manifest in large-scale infections
of farmed fish, resulting in economic losses for the global aquaculture industries. Increased …

Inflammation is a crucial step in the development of chronic diseases in humans.
Understanding the inflammation environment and its intrinsic mechanisms when it is …

Phagocytosis is a fundamental immune function against foreign microorganisms and
abnormal cells, and it is also a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Blood as the …

Studying macrophage biology in the context of a whole living organism provides unique
possibilities to understand the contribution of this extremely dynamic cell subset in the …

In this review, we support taking polarized immune responses in teleost fish from a
'macrophage first'point of view, a hypothesis that reverts the dichotomous T helper (TH) 1 …

Macrophages are found across all vertebrate species, reside in virtually all animal tissues,
and play critical roles in host protection and homeostasis. Various mechanisms determine …

Phenotypic modulation of macrophages in response to plaque l... : Current Opinion in
Lipidology Phenotypic modulation of macrophages in response to plaque lipids : Current …

Two main types of macrophage functions are known: classical (M1), producing nitric oxide,
NO, and M2, in which arginase activity is primarily expressed. Ornithine, the product of …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in almost all organisms and is active in a
variety of physiological and pathological processes. Our understanding of the peculiarities …

Viruses are the most serious pathogenic threat to the production of the main aquacultured
salmonid species the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and the Atlantic salmon Salmo …