Blood neutrophil counts are determined by the differentiation and proliferation of precursor
cells, the release of mature neutrophils from the bone marrow, margination, trafficking and …

Rapidly increasing knowledge on the complex background of atopic dermatitis (AD) on the
genetic, immunological and environmental level in combination with the continuous …

Calcium and its major downstream effector, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
(CaMKII), are found to be important for the functions of immune cells. Lipopolysaccharide …

A central role for the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in innate immunity has been
recently defined by its ability to limit proinflammatory mediators. Although glucocorticoids …

Scope Immunobiotics are known to modulate intestinal immune responses by regulating T
oll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, which are responsible for the induction of …

Although autoimmune diseases are relatively common, mechanisms that lead to their
development remain largely unknown. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), as a key transcription …

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) plays a critical role in the development and
function of immune and non-immune cells. Although NFAT is a central transcriptional …

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant drug widely used in organ transplant
recipients and people with autoimmune disorders. Long term treatment with CsA is …

Daphnetin, a plant-derived dihydroxylated derivative of coumarin, is an effective compound
extracted from a plant called Daphne Korean Nakai. Coumarin derivates were known for …

Experimental exposure of swine to highly virulent classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strain
Brescia causes an invariably fatal disease of all infected animals by 8–14 days post …