Advances in our understanding of how the gut microbiota contributes to human health and
diseases have expanded our insight into how microbial composition and function affect the …

Cells are crowded, but proteins are almost always studied in dilute aqueous buffer. We
review the experimental evidence that crowding affects the equilibrium thermodynamics of …

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a biologically active molecule and is a putative promoter
of chronic diseases including atherosclerosis in humans. Host intestinal bacteria produce its …

Zwitterionic materials have moieties possessing cationic and anionic groups. This molecular
structure leads to unique properties that can be the solutions of various application …

Our group recently discovered that certain dietary nutrients possessing a trimethylamine
(TMA) moiety, namely choline/phosphatidylcholine and L-carnitine, participate in the …

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a small organic compound whose concentration in blood
increases after ingesting dietary l-carnitine and phosphatidylcholine. Recent clinical studies …

Organic osmolytes are small solutes used by cells of numerous water-stressed organisms
and tissues to maintain cell volume. Similar compounds are accumulated by some …

Proteins are marginally stable, and the folding/unfolding equilibrium of proteins in aqueous
solution can easily be altered by the addition of small organic molecules known as …

Water is essential for life in many ways, and without it biomolecules might no longer truly be
biomolecules. In particular, water is important to the structure, stability, dynamics, and …

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is generated in a microbial-mammalian co-metabolic
pathway mainly from the digestion of meat-containing food and dietary quaternary amines …