Male reproductive development is intricately dependent on fetal androgen action.
Consequently, disrupted androgen action during fetal life can interfere with the development …

Male reproductive health has declined as indicated by increasing rates of cryptorchidism, ie,
undescended testis, poor semen quality, low serum testosterone level, and testicular cancer …

Abnormal foetal testis development has been proposed to underlie common disorders of the
male reproductive system such as cryptorchidism, hypospadias, reduced semen quality and …

Background Considerable attention has been paid to perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs)
because of their worldwide presence in humans, wildlife, and environment. A wide variety of …

The mechanism by which the Zika virus can cause fetal microcephaly is not known. Reports
indicate that Zika is able to evade the normal immunoprotective responses of the placenta …

The burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight is
considerable across the world. Several risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes have …

Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are used in some personal care products (PCPs) and
containers for food processing and packaging. The Plastics and Personal-Care Product use …

Background: Until recently, environmental factors in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were
largely ignored. Over the last decade, altered risks from lifestyle, medical, chemical, and …

BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a gynaecological hormone-dependent disorder that is
defined by histological lesions generated by the growth of endometrial-like tissue out of the …

The placenta guides fetal growth and development. Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are
widespread environmental contaminants and endocrine disruptors, and the placental …