The trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine are important regulators of health, and
disruptions in the gut microbial communities can cause disease. The gut, liver and immune …

Cirrhosis–the common end-stage of chronic liver disease–is associated with a cascade of
events, of which intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis are central. Bacterial toxins …

The peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis has been most influential in the field of
cirrhosis and its complications. It has given rise to hundreds of pathophysiological studies in …

In large amounts, alcohol and its metabolites can overwhelm the gastrointestinal tract (GI)
and liver and lead to damage both within the GI and in other organs. Specifically, alcohol …

Bacterial infections are very common and represent one of the most important reasons of
progression of liver failure, development of liver-related complications, and mortality in …

The human intestine harbors a diverse community of microbes that promote metabolism and
digestion in their symbiotic relationship with the host. Disturbance of its homeostasis can …

Humans harbor nearly 100 trillion intestinal bacteria, which in terms of numbers, represents
around ten times more microbial cells than eukaryotic cells. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract …

Human intestinal microbiota create a complex polymicrobial ecology. This is characterised
by its high population density, wide diversity and complexity of interaction. Any dysbalance …

Patients with cirrhosis are immunocompromised and susceptible to infections. Although
detection and treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) have improved, overall …

Gut flora and bacterial translocation (BT) play an important role in the pathogenesis of the
complications of cirrhosis. Research on the pathogenesis of BT and its clinical significance …