This article examines competitive balance in the group stage of the UEFA Champions
League over the last two decades (1999/2000–2017/2018). Competitive balance is …

We examine within-season competitive balance measurement in sports leagues where
points allocated in each match depend on bonus points awarded as well as the …

Research question This paper contributes to research concerned with gender comparison in
sport, considering handball, traditionally overlooked in studies of competitive balance …

There are situations in which a monopoly solution cannot be reached. In these cases, which
situation represents the maximum concentration (minimum competitive balance)? It is a …

We analyse the distribution of results that leads to the lowest level of concentration of within-
season points, as measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, in sports leagues where …

It seems that one cannot find many papers relating entropy to sport competitions. Thus, in
this paper, I use (i) the Shannon intrinsic entropy (S) as an indicator of “teams sporting …

This article examines sport/discipline-specific market concentrations in the context of the
eight Summer Olympic Games held between 1992 and 2020. Three market concentration …

The music industry, and in particular the recording and publishing sectors, has historically
been controlled by a handful of large firms. In recent years, this tendency towards …

This article augments the literature on the analysis of competitive balance, encompassing its
measurement, comparisons across leagues and seasons, and ramifications for league …

The relationship between trade liberalisation and cultural diversity is a long-standing and
controversial issue in many countries that strive to promote free flow of cultural trade as well …