Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mechanism between bacteria that allows specific
processes to be controlled, such as biofilm formation, virulence factor expression, production …

Many Gram-negative bacteria use the sophisticated type II secretion system (T2SS) to
translocate a wide range of proteins from the periplasm across the outer membrane. The …

Prokaryotes have engineered sophisticated surface nanomachines that have allowed them
to colonize Earth and thrive even in extreme environments. Filamentous machineries …

Pathogenic microorganisms have to face hostile environments while colonizing and
infecting their hosts. Unfortunately, they can cope with it and have evolved a number of …

SUMMARY Type IV pili (T4P) are surface-exposed fibers that mediate many functions in
bacteria, including locomotion, adherence to host cells, DNA uptake (competence), and …

Protein secretion systems are molecular nanomachines used by Gram-negative bacteria to
thrive within their environment. They are used to release enzymes that hydrolyze complex …

The type II secretion system (T2SS) is a multi‐protein complex used by many bacteria to
move substrates across their cell membrane. Substrates released into the environment …

abstract Gram-negative bacteria use the type II secretion system to transport a large number
of secreted proteins from the periplasmic space into the extracellular environment. Many of …

The highly conserved pilM/N/O/P/Q gene cluster is among the core set of genes required for
cell surface expression of type IV pili and associated twitching motility. With the exception of …

Motility and protein secretion are key processes contributing to bacterial virulence. A wealth
of phylogenetic, biochemical and structural evidence support the hypothesis that the widely …