Abstract Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and Bard, have revolutionized
natural language understanding and generation. They possess deep language …

The rapid progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) could transform many fields, but their
fast development creates significant challenges for oversight, ethical creation, and building …

With the rapid advancements of large language models (LLMs), information retrieval (IR)
systems, such as search engines and recommender systems, have undergone a significant …

The paper aims to fulfil three main functions:(1) to serve as an introduction for the physics
education community to the functioning of large language models (LLMs),(2) to present a …

Background: Large language models (LLMs) have significant capabilities in clinical
information processing tasks. Commercially available LLMs, however, are not optimized for …

Hierarchical text classification aims to categorize each document into a set of classes in a
label taxonomy. Most earlier works focus on fully or semi-supervised methods that require a …

Abstract The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought about a notable shift,
rendering them increasingly ubiquitous and readily accessible. This accessibility has …

Evaluating the bias in Large Language Models (LLMs) becomes increasingly crucial with
their rapid development. However, existing evaluation methods rely on fixed-form outputs …

The rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in scientific research, particularly
large language models (LLMs), has outpaced the development of ethical guidelines, leading …

The Investigative Science Learning Environment (ISLE) approach is a teaching system in
which students learn physics using processes that mirror scientific practice. As a sequel to …