Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been
extensively used for developing flexible actuators, soft robots, wearable devices, sensors …

Shape‐memory materials (SMMs) combined with 3D printing to develop dynamic and
adaptive products which are responsive to physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These …

This paper presents a state of the art review for 3D printed facades. In the review, three main
topics are identified:(i) computational design strategies for 3D printed facades,(ii) fabrication …

To reduce the energy consumption of buildings and limit their impact on the environment,
greater attention has been paid, in recent years, to adaptive building envelopes …

The geometrical inflexibility of rigid-body kinetic building façades is disadvantageous in free-
form architecture. To address this problem, a gearless, lightweight, and geometrically …

The authors present the first on-site investigation of artificial intelligence (AI)-integrated three-
dimensionally movable kinetic façade (KF). Despite continued architectural interest on the …

Architectural envelopes have a key role in reducing a building's energy consumption and
achieving thermal comfort. Many adaptive building envelopes are developed through …

Abstract Four-dimensional printing (4DP) improves material efficiency while enhancing the
performance of the structure when subjected to external stimuli. Integrating stimulus …

In the dynamic field of architecture, the incorporation of state-of-the-art technologies is
crucial for advancing design methodologies and achieving groundbreaking solutions. This …

The demand to satisfy environmental and economic performance requirements of buildings
highlights the application of the responsive skin facades in offering superior performance, as …