The human body hosts vast microbial communities, termed the microbiome. Less well
known is the fact that the human body also hosts vast numbers of different viruses …

Microbes colonise all multicellular life, and the gut microbiome has been shown to influence
a range of host physiological and behavioural phenotypes. One of the most intriguing and …

Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of microbial DNA in the fetal environment.
However, it remains unclear whether this DNA represents viable bacteria and how it relates …

Background Numerous reports have documented bacteria in the placental membranes and
basal plate decidua in the absence of immunopathology using histologic techniques …

There are limited data on fetal and early life development of human intestinal immunity.
Using mass cytometry (CyTOF) and next-generation sequencing of B and T cell receptor …

The intestinal microbiota of newborns plays an important role in the development of
immunity and metabolism. In livestock animals, knowledge of the intestinal microbiota is …

The data obtained in prior studies suggest that early microbial exposition begins prior to
conception and gestation. Given that the host-microbe interaction is shaped by the immune …

Gut microbiota plays a critical role in physiological regulation throughout life and is
specifically modified to meet the demands of individual life stages and during pregnancy …

The female reproductive tract represents a continuum between the vagina and the upper
genital tract. New evidence from cultivation‐independent studies suggests that the female …

The existence of a placental microbiota and in utero colonization of the fetus have been the
subjects of recent debate. The objective of this study was to determine whether the placental …