The functional integration of external and internal signals forms the basis of information
processing and is essential for higher cognitive functions. This occurs in finely tuned cortical …

Many psychiatric illnesses are associated with early mortality and with an increased risk of
developing physical diseases that are more typically seen in the elderly. Moreover, certain …

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by elevated activity of
peripheral neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative pathways, which may cause neuro-affective …

Bipolar Disorder (BD) has been conceptualized as both a cyclic and a progressive disorder.
Mechanisms involved in neuroprogression in BD remain largely unknown although several …

Background Schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorders (MDD) have been
frequently linked to anatomical brain alterations. However, the relationship between brain …

The increased risk for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with
extended lifespan has long suggested mechanistic links between chronological age and …

Our knowledge of the pathophysiology of affect dysregulation has progressively increased,
but the pharmacological treatments remain inadequate. Here, we summarize the current …

Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may underlie age-related synaptic loss,
in turn contributing to cerebral atrophy, cognitive decline, and increased risk for psychiatric …

Probiotic supplements are potential therapeutic agents for age-related disorders due to their
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of probiotics on age …

Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent among individuals with late-life depression (LLD)
and tends to persist even after successful treatment. The biological mechanisms underlying …