The basic elements of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway were revealed more
than a decade ago. Since then, the concept of how the TGFβ signal travels from the …

Chronic organ injury leads to fibrosis and eventually organ failure. Fibrosis is characterized
by excessive synthesis, remodeling, and contraction of extracellular matrix produced by …

The severity of tissue injury in burn wounds from associated inflammatory and immune
sequelae presents a significant clinical management challenge. Among various biophysical …

In fibrosing hearts, myofibroblasts are associated with cardiac extracellular matrix
remodeling. Expression of key genes in the transition of cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast …

Cells encounter physical cues such as extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness in a
microenvironment replete with biochemical cues. However, the mechanisms by which cells …

Fibrotic scars deposited during skin wound healing can cause disfiguration and loss of
dermal function. Scar differentiation involves inputs from multiple cell types in a predictable …

Although TGFβ is a potent inhibitor of proliferation, epithelia lacking the essential receptor
(TβRII) for TGFβ signaling display normal tissue homeostasis. By studying asymptomatic …

The fundamental pathophysiologic response for the survival of all organisms is the process
of wound healing. Inadequate or lack of healing constitutes the etiopathologic basis of many …

During development, growth factors and hormones cooperate to establish the unique sizes,
shapes and material properties of individual bones. Among these, TGF-β has been shown to …

Recent studies showed that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation significantly
alleviated tissue fibrosis; however, little is known about the efficacy on attenuating …