The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, consisting of nine members in mammals, was
identified in the late 1980s in the context of research into the type I interferon system …

Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are ligand-controlled transcription factors that function as
heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) to regulate cell growth and survival. The …

Abstract Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) regulates diverse biological functions, including
modulation of cellular responses involved in tumorigenesis. Genetic mutations and altered …

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of homologous proteins that regulate the
transcription of interferons (IFNs) and IFN-induced gene expression. As such they are …

In pugilistic parlance, the one-two punch is a devastating combination of blows, with the first
punch setting the stage and the second delivering the knock-out. This analogy can be …

In recent decades many advances have occurred in the understanding of the role of
cytokines in breast cancer. New signalling pathways of interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-6, IL-11, IL …

Diabetic wounds are characterized by incomplete healing and delayed healing, resulting in
a considerable global health care burden. Exosomes are lipid bilayer structures secreted by …

The objective response rate of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) with anti PD-L1/PD-1 therapy is low. Discovering the signaling pathways …

Pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis are mainly programmed cell death (PCD) pathways
for host defense and homeostasis. PANoptosis is a newly distinct inflammatory PCD …

Regulated cell death (RCD) is considered a critical pathway in cancer therapy, contributing
to eliminating cancer cells and influencing treatment outcomes. The application of RCD in …