Symmetry is a common feature among natural systems, including protein structures. A strong
propensity toward symmetric architectures has long been recognized for water-soluble …

Solute carriers form one of three major superfamilies of membrane transporters in humans,
and include uniporters, exchangers and symporters. Following several decades of …

Betaine and Na+ symport has been extensively studied in the osmotically regulated
transporter BetP from Corynebacterium glutamicum, a member of the betaine/choline …

The choline–glycine betaine pathway plays an important role in bacterial survival in
hyperosmotic environments. Osmotic activation of the choline transporter BetT promotes the …

Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy allows the determination of
distances, in the range of 1.5–8 nm, between two spin-labels attached to macromolecules …

Highlights•Serial femtosecond crystallography studies of membrane proteins.•Damage free
structures of membrane proteins collected using XFEL radiation.•Serial millisecond …

Bilayer lipids contribute to the stability of membrane transporters and are crucially involved
in their proper functioning. However, the molecular knowledge of how surrounding lipids …

The Na+-coupled betaine symporter BetP senses changes in the membrane state and
increasing levels of cytoplasmic K+ during hyperosmotic stress latter via its C-terminal …

BetP is an Na+‐coupled betaine‐specific transporter of the betaine–choline–carnitine (BCC)
transporter family involved in the response to hyperosmotic stress. The crystal structure of …

The recently increasing number of atomic structures for active transporters has not only
revealed strong conservation in the architecture of sequence-unrelated transporter families …