Emotion influences various cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The
amygdala is specialized for input and processing of emotion, while the hippocampus is …

We review recent work on the role of intrinsic amygdala networks in the regulation of
classically conditioned defensive behaviors, commonly known as conditioned fear. These …

Learning is mediated by experience-dependent plasticity in neuronal circuits. Activity in
neuronal circuits is tightly regulated by different subtypes of inhibitory interneurons, yet their …

Increasing evidence implicates the microbiota in the regulation of brain and behaviour.
Germ‐free mice (GF; microbiota deficient from birth) exhibit altered stress hormone …

Associative memory formation is essential for an animal's survival by ensuring adaptive
behavioral responses in an ever-changing environment. This is particularly important under …

The last 10 years have witnessed a surge of interest for the mechanisms underlying the
acquisition and extinction of classically conditioned fear responses. In part, this results from …

Sah, P., ESL Faber, M. Lopez de Armentia, and J. Power. The Amygdaloid Complex:
Anatomy and Physiology. Physiol Rev 83: 803–834, 2003; 10.1152/physrev. 00002.2003 …

The acquisition of fear associative memory requires brain processes of coordinated neural
activity within the amygdala, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, thalamus and brainstem …

The amygdalar nuclear complex and hippocampal/parahippocampal region are key
components of the limbic system that play a critical role in emotional learning and memory …

Fear extinction refers to the ability to adapt as situations change by learning to suppress a
previously learned fear. This process involves a gradual reduction in the capacity of a fear …