The discovery of genotype 16 as the prototype oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV)
initiated a quarter century of laboratory and epidemiological studies that demonstrated their …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) have gained a lot of interest within the past two decades. The use
of VLP-based vaccines to protect against three infectious agents—hepatitis B virus, human …

The use of plant viral vectors for the transient expression of heterologous proteins offers a
useful tool for the large-scale production of proteins of industrial importance, such as …

The concept of using plants to produce high‐value pharmaceuticals such as vaccines is 20
years old this year and is only now on the brink of realisation as an established technology …

Papillomaviruses are a family of nonenveloped DNA tumor viruses. Some sexually
transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) types, including HPV type 16 (HPV16), cause …

Plant-made or “biofarmed” viral vaccines are some of the earliest products of the technology
of plant molecular farming, and remain some of the brightest prospects for the success of this …

Stable, effective, easy-to-manufacture vaccines are critical to stopping the COVID-19
pandemic resulting from the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. We constructed a vaccine candidate …

Major advances in our understanding of plant viral genome expression strategies and the
interaction of a virus with its host for replication and movement, induction of disease, and …

As compared with peptide-or protein-based vaccines, naked DNA vectors and even
traditional attenuated or inactivated virus vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs) are an …

Plants have been proposed as an attractive alternative for pharmaceutical protein
production to current mammalian or microbial cell‐based systems. Eukaryotic protein …