The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors plays a central part in the host
response to infection by microbial pathogens, by orchestrating the innate and acquired host …

Virus infection of mammalian cells is sensed by pattern recognition receptors and leads to
an innate immune response that restricts virus replication and induces adaptive immunity. In …

The eradication of smallpox, one of the great triumphs of medicine, was accomplished
through the prophylactic administration of live vaccinia virus, a comparatively benign relative …

The innate immune system is critical in the response to infection by pathogens and it is
activated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) binding to pathogen associated molecular …

The transcription factor NF-κB is essential for immune responses against pathogens and its
activation requires the phosphorylation, ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of IκBα …

The increasing frequency of monkeypox virus infections, new outbreaks of other zoonotic
orthopoxviruses and concern about the re-emergence of smallpox have prompted research …

Cells express multiple molecules aimed at detecting incoming virus and infection.
Recognition of virus infection leads to the production of cytokines, chemokines and …

Regulated cell death is a powerful anti-viral mechanism capable of aborting the virus
replicative cycle and alerting neighbouring cells to the threat of infection. The biological …

Vaccinia virus (VACV) strain Western Reserve protein C4 has been characterized and its
function and contribution to virus virulence assessed. Bioinformatic analysis showed that C4 …

Poxviruses are large dsDNA viruses that are regarded as good candidates for vaccine
vectors. Because the members of the Poxviridae family encode numerous …