The emergence of multi-drug resistance makes bacterial infection a major threat to public
health and economy. The formation of bacterial biofilms is one of the main reasons of …

The human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in
symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment …

Microorganisms possess a variety of survival mechanisms, including the production of
antimicrobials that function to kill and/or inhibit the growth of competing microorganisms …

Procaryotes starve and face myriad stresses. The bulk population actively resists the stress,
but a small population weathers the stress by entering a resting stage known as persistence …

Persister cells are transiently antibiotic-tolerant and dormant subpopulations that are
produced to escape the effects of antibiotics within biofilms or planktonic cell populations …

Myriad bacterial anti-phage systems have been described and often the mechanism of
programmed cell death is invoked for phage inhibition. However, there is little evidence of …

Autoinducer 2 (AI-2) is a ubiquitous metabolite but, instead of acting as a “universal signal,”
relatively few phenotypes have been associated with it, and many scientists believe AI-2 is …

Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem, but bacteria can evade antibiotic treatment via
tolerance and persistence. Antibiotic persisters are a small subpopulation of bacteria that …

Phage therapy holds much promise as an alternative to antibiotics for fighting infection.
However, this approach is no panacea as recent results show that a small fraction of cells …

Indole is a signalling molecule produced both by bacteria and plants. In this review its
signalling role between microbes and in particular in the human gut is discussed. Besides …