Saxitoxin (STX) and its 57 analogs are a broad group of natural neurotoxic alkaloids,
commonly known as the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). PSTs are the causative agents of …

This review provides an in-depth survey of the recorded incidences in aquatic organisms of
mortality and disease events suspected or known to be caused by microalgal or ciliate …

Rising ocean temperatures will alter the productivity and composition of marine
phytoplankton communities, thereby affecting global biogeochemical cycles. Predicting the …

The frequency and intensity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and phytoplankton community
shifts toward toxic species have increased worldwide. Although most research has focused …

In this paper, we focus on dinoflagellate ecology, toxin production, fossil record, and a
molecular phylogenetic analysis of hosts and plastids. Of ecological interest are the …

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), due to saxitoxin and related compounds, typically results
from the consumption of filter-feeding molluscan shellfish that concentrate toxins from …

Only about 100 natural products are known to contain a nitrogen–sulfur (N–S) bond. This
review thoroughly categorizes N–S bond-containing compounds by structural class …

Dinoflagellates produce a variety of toxic secondary metabolites that have a significant
impact on marine ecosystems and fisheries. Saxitoxin (STX), the cause of paralytic shellfish …

Elevated pCO2 and warming may promote algal growth and toxin production, and thereby
possibly support the proliferation and toxicity of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Here, we …

In marine ecosystems, dinoflagellates can become highly abundant and even dominant at
times, despite their comparatively slow growth rates. One factor that may play a role in their …