The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent production of ROS underlies sustained
oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases …

Angiogenesis, a new vessel formation from the pre-existing ones, is essential for embryonic
development, wound repair and treatment of ischemic heart and limb diseases. However …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and
pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are disorders associated with the heart and circulatory
system. Atherosclerosis is its major underlying cause. CVDs are chronic and can remain …

Transportation noise is a ubiquitous urban exposure. In 2018, the World Health Organization
concluded that chronic exposure to road traffic noise is a risk factor for ischemic heart …

As a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, hypertension remains a serious threat
to global public health. Despite the availability of many antihypertensive medications …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart and pathological circulatory conditions, are
the world's leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Endothelial dysfunction involved in …

atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, angiogenesis and
collateral formation, stroke, and heart failure. In this review, we discuss in detail the …

According to the latest Global Burden of Disease Study data, non-communicable diseases in
general and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in particular are the leading cause of premature …