The highly complex embryological development of the left renal vein compared to its right
counterpart results in greater variations which are clinically significant. The study aimed to …

Anomalies in the course and drainage of the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) may complicate
normal functioning, correct diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions within the abdomen …

The main aim of this article is to establish the actual prevalence of renal vein variations
(circumaortic renal vein, retroaortic renal vein, double renal vein), and to increase …

OBJECTIVES: The right renal vein (RRV) may be difficult to anastomose in right cadaveric
kidney transplantation, especially in obese recipients in whom iliac vessels are deep. In this …

Variant anatomy may be challenging at retrieval, with failure to identify variance being
associated with organ damage, particularly vascular damage. On implantation, some …

In clinical anatomy, the renal venous system is relatively understudied compared to the
arterial system. The great complexity of the patterns and inter-relationships of the arteries …

Objective: To define normal values of Renal interlobar vein impedance index (RIVI)
throughout gestation, as a reference to RIVI in preeclampsia (PE). Methods: Longitudinal …

Purpose To compare current technology multislice computed tomography angiography
(CTA) with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the pre-operative evaluation of …

Renal venous drainage presents a large degree of variability. The purpose of this study was
to determine the morphological expression of the renal veins. Renal vein formation patterns …

This study reports the presence of an additional renal vein on the right side draining directly
into IVC. This variation was observed during a routine dissection in a middle-aged male …