The principal source of vitamin D in humans is its biosynthesis in the skin through a
chemical reaction dependent on sun exposure. In lesser amounts, the vitamin can be …

Novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2), which suddenly emerged in
December 2019 is still haunting the entire human race and has affected not only the …

Over the last 20 years, the use of dietary supplements (DS) has continued to grow in many
countries. Due to the public health crisis brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic and amidst …

Objective The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionally
affected a variety of patients with underlying risk factors such as respiratory and …

Background: An increasing number of scientific journals have proposed a connection
between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the severity of COVID …

Purpose As the world continues to cautiously navigate its way through the coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several breakthroughs in therapies and vaccines are …

Over the past few decades, vitamin D deficiency has been recognized as a serious global
public health challenge. The World Health Organization has recommended fortification of …

Background: The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D are known to be beneficial in viral
infections; it is also known that its deficiency is associated with a prognosis more critical of …

Despite the development of a number of vaccines for COVID-19, there remains a need for
prevention and treatment of the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing disease COVID-19. This …

Introduction Global emergence of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has clearly shown
variable severity, mortality, and frequency between and within populations worldwide. These …