Anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women than in men. In women the menstrual cycle
introduces another variable; indeed, some conditions eg, premenstrual syndrome, are …

Pavlovian fear conditioning has been extensively used to study the behavioral and neural
basis of defensive systems. In a typical procedure, a cue is paired with foot shock, and …

Abstract Serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a key neurotransmitter for the modulation
and/or regulation of numerous physiological processes and psychiatric disorders (eg …

AIM To provide an overview of the current research in the functional neuroanatomy of panic
disorder. METHODS Panic disorder (PD) is a frequent psychiatric disease. Gorman et al …

Background: Cannabis sativa-derived substances such as cannabidiol (CBD) have attracted
increasing clinical interest and consist in a new perspective for treating some neurological …

In the natural world, animals make decisions on an ongoing basis, continuously selecting
which action to undertake next. In the lab, however, the neural bases of decision processes …

Exposure to elevated concentrations of CO 2 or hypoxia has been widely used in psychiatric
research as a panic provoking stimulus. However, the use of these respiratory challenges to …

Panic patients experience recurrent panic attacks. Two main neurochemical hypotheses
have been proposed to explain this vulnerability. The first suggests that panic patients have …

The electrical and chemical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter (dPAG)
elicits panic-like explosive escape behaviour. Although neurons of the ventromedial …

Threatening events and stressful experiences can lead to maladaptive memories and
related behaviors. Existing treatments often fail to address these issues linked to …