Depression onset peaks during adolescence and young adulthood. Current treatments are
only moderately effective, driving the search for novel pathophysiological mechanisms …

Depression is a severe mental disorder that disrupts mood and social behavior and is one of
the most common neuropsychological symptoms of other somatic diseases. During the study …

Inflammation may correlate with a specific subgroup of depression and differential
antidepressant response, but no trial has studied changes of many inflammatory markers …

Purpose Nowadays, the role of two tightly interconnected systems, the inflammatory
response system (IRS) and the compensatory immune response system (CIRS) in …

Background Many studies have predicted major depressive disorder (MDD) as the leading
cause of global health by 2030 due to its high prevalence, disability, and illness. However …

Systemic inflammation has been thought to play a considerable part in psychiatric disorders.
However, the causal relationships between systemic inflammation and psychiatric disorders …

Background Depression has been associated with low-grade elevation of plasma cytokines
(eg interleukin-6, IL-6; tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα) in both cross-sectional and …

Cardiovascular adverse complications represent a risk factor for increased cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there is …

Depressive disorders can occur in up to 50% of people with multiple sclerosis in their
lifetime. If left untreated, comorbid major depressive disorders may not spontaneously remit …

Major depressive disorder and major depressive episodes (MDD/MDE) are characterized by
the activation of the immune–inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory …