Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that results from the imbalance of
homeostasis within the bone. Intra-bone homeostasis is dependent on a precise dynamic …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic, chronic condition characterized by
episodes of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) system …

The skeletal system contains a series of sophisticated cellular lineages arising from the
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that determine the …

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disease, and gut microbiota
(GM) imbalance plays an important role in the development of metabolic bone disease …

Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose of this article is to review the current understanding
of inflammatory processes on bone, including direct impacts of inflammatory factors on bone …

The kidney is a mitochondria-rich organ, and kidney diseases are recognized as
mitochondria-related pathologies. Intact mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintains normal …

Background Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Emerged
evidence has shown that glaucoma is considered an immune system related disorder. The …

Osteoporosis (OP) is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease, characterized by the low
bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. Glucocorticoid (GC) clinically …

Intestinal microbiota, and their mutual interactions with host tissues, are pivotal for the
maintenance of organ physiology. Indeed, intraluminal signals influence adjacent and even …

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo self-renewal and differentiation in the bone
marrow, which is tightly regulated by cues from the microenvironment. The gut microbiota, a …