In the past two decades, biopharmaceuticals have been a breakthrough in improving the
quality of lives of patients with various cancers, autoimmune, genetic disorders etc. With the …

Various mathematical approaches undertaken to model all stages of droplet freezing are
reviewed. The literature is rife with theoretical, experimental, and numerical treatments of the …

In order to improve the efficiency of producing ice slurry, an experimental device of opposed-
nozzle impinging jet was established. Deionized water of 2.5–10.5° C was jet impinged with …

We present a multi-scale solidification framework for pure substances using laboratory
experiments and mathematical modeling. The multi-scale phenomena of solidification are …

Freezing techniques are an essential part of biologics manufacturing processes, yet the
formation of ice/water interfaces can impart detrimental effects on proteins. However, the …

Spray freezing technology finds broad applications across various industries such as food
and pharmaceutical, mining, and water treatment. The significance of spray freezing is to …

The importance of developing spray freeze-drying technology for extending the shelf life of
biological and pharmaceutical materials has never been greater, given the increasing food …

Vacuum freeze-drying has been expanding its influence in many fields, and the freezing
stage is of utmost importance for the freeze-drying process. However, the limited …

The semiconductor industry continually seeks optimal methods to avoid nanostructure
collapse during the drying process of semiconductor device manufacturing. Despite the …

Spray freezing has found extensive applications in drying processes, drug delivery, and
mine ventilation. The technique involves atomizing a liquefied material into a cold medium …