A decade ago, we hypothesized that drug addiction can be viewed as a transition from
voluntary, recreational drug use to compulsive drug-seeking habits, neurally underpinned by …

The ventral pallidum (VP) plays a critical role in the processing and execution of motivated
behaviors. Yet this brain region is often overlooked in published discussions of the …

It was suggested in 1986 that cue-induced drug craving in cocaine addicts progressively
increases over the first several weeks of abstinence and remains high for extended periods …

Background and rationale Results from many clinical studies suggest that drug relapse and
craving are often provoked by acute exposure to the self-administered drug or related drugs …

Drug use and relapse involve learned associations between drug-associated environmental
cues and drug effects. Extinction procedures in the clinic can suppress conditioned …

This review discusses the evidence for the hypothesis that the development of drug
addiction can be understood in terms of interactions between Pavlovian and instrumental …

Memory reconsolidation has been argued to be a distinct process that serves to maintain,
strengthen or modify memories. Specifically, the retrieval of a previously consolidated …

The retrieval of a memory places it into a plastic state, the result of which is that the memory
can be disrupted or even enhanced by experimental treatment. This phenomenon has been …

A neuroanatomical principle of striatal organization has been established through which
ventral domains, including the nucleus accumbens, exert control over dorsal striatal …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterized by abnormally persistent and
distressing memories, is a chronic debilitating condition in need of new treatment options …