Insects feature some of the most complex societies in the animal kingdom, but a historic
perception persists that such complexity emerges from interactions between individuals …

Human brain size nearly quadrupled in the six million years since Homo last shared a
common ancestor with chimpanzees, but human brains are thought to have decreased in …

A well-established field of research in vertebrates focuses on the variability of cognitive
abilities within species. From mammals to fish, numerous studies have revealed remarkable …

In honey bee colonies, workers generally change tasks with age (from brood care, to nest
work, to foraging). While these trends are well established, our understanding of how …

The affordance of an object refers to its functional properties. For example, a bowl has the
affordance of holding water, but a sieve does not. Here, we report that ants learn the …

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a popular stochastic approach for solving practical
optimal problems from industries due to its effective performance and few hyperparameters …

Ants provide striking examples of particle-use behavior in activities unrelated to nest
building. For example, some species cover liquid food with debris particles and then use …

It is often assumed that social life imposes specific cognitive demands for animals to
communicate, cooperate and compete, ultimately requiring larger brains. The “social brain” …

Insects are the most diverse group of organisms in the animal kingdom, and some species
exhibit complex social behaviors. Although research on insect object use is still in its early …

Learning an olfactory discrimination task leads to heterogeneous results in honeybees with
some bees performing very well and others at low rates. Here we investigated this …