Abstract Currently 99.8% of global transport is powered by internal combustion engines
(ICEs) and 95% of transport energy comes from liquid fuels made from petroleum. Many …

Emission reduction has become an important subject of discussion in recent years, mostly
due to CO 2 emission limits set by the European Union to protect the environment. One of …

The SI engines in passenger cars run in the partial-load conditions in the most time
especially in the urban driving cycles; thus it is particularly important to improve the partial …

As part of the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) continuing assessment of
advanced light-duty automotive technologies in support of regulatory and compliance …

The assessment of fuel economy of new vehicles is typi-cally based on regulatory driving
cycles, measured in an emissions lab. Although the regulations built around these …

As part of the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) continuing assessment of
advanced light-duty automotive technologies to support the setting of appropriate national …

Dynamic skip fire (DSF) has shown significant fuel economy improvements via reduction of
pumping losses that generally affect throttled spark-ignition engines. For production …

Spark-ignited internal combustion engines are known to exhibit a decreased brake
efficiency in part-load operation. Similarly to cylinder deactivation, the x-stroke operation …

Cylinder deactivation has been recently demonstrated to have fuel savings and
aftertreatment thermal management benefits at low to moderate loads compared to …

Cylinder deactivation is a fuel economy improvement technology that has attracted particular
attention recently. The currently produced cylinder deactivation engines utilize fixed-type …