Cellular immune responses consist of innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune
mechanisms, where all leukocyte subpopulations are included. Among these are vital …

Asthma is chronic inflammation of the airways characterized by airway hyper-
responsiveness, wheezing, cough, and dyspnea. Asthma affects> 350 million people …

While cancer cell proliferation depends on access to extracellular nutrients, inadequate
tumour perfusion means that glucose, amino acids and lipids are often in short supply. To …

Fungi are ubiquitous outdoors and indoors. Exposure, sensitization, or both to fungi are
strongly associated with development of asthma and allergic airway diseases. Furthermore …

Metal–organic coordination polymers (CPs) are a broad class of materials that include metal–
organic frameworks (MOFs). CPs are highly ordered crystalline materials that are composed …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key players in the innate immune system, in host'first-line
defense against pathogens [1, 2]. TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns …

Despite the current advancements, cancer treatment approaches have limitations restricting
their cure rate. Immunotherapy techniques are among novel and promising cancer …

Pathogen infections are recognized by the immune system, which consists of two types of
responses: an innate immune response and an antigen-specific adaptive immune response …

Nociceptor sensory neurons innervate barrier tissues that are constantly exposed to
microbial stimuli. During infection, pathogenic microorganisms can breach barrier surfaces …

Similar to higher vertebrates, the immune system of fish is composed of two major
components, innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific) immune responses. However, the …