Low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) have caused a global concern to public
health since the first novel LPAIV H7N9 outbreak occurred. The receptor-binding properties …

The H4 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) exhibits a wide host range and is commonly
found in migratory waterfowl. Recent studies have revealed that the H4N6 AIV can infect …

In this study, we explore the circulation of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses in
wild birds and poultry in the Netherlands. Surveillance data collected between 2006 and …

Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) have been widespread in poultry and wild
birds throughout the world for many decades. LPAIV infections are usually asymptomatic or …

The interaction between migratory birds and domestic waterfowl facilitates viral co-
infections, leading to viral reassortment and the emergence of novel viruses. In 2022 …

Influenza viruses of the H4 subtype are widespread in wild birds, circulate in domestic
poultry, readily infect mammals, and tolerate the insertion of a polybasic cleavage site. In …

Infections with low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) can be mild or asymptomatic
in poultry; however, in humans, LPAIVs can cause severe infections and death, as …

During the active surveillance, we isolated nine H4N6 subtype influenza A viruses from wild
birds in China. To reveal the epidemiology and biology characteristics of H4 subtype …

Infection with H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus caused high mortality in
chickens, while ducks often appear to be asymptomatic. But, some recent H5Nx subtype …

Analysis of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses circulating in the Netherlands in a
previous study revealed associations of specific hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase …