Mast cells are hematopoietic cells that reside in virtually all vascularized tissues and that
represent potential sources of a wide variety of biologically active secreted products …

Anagen stage hair follicles (HFs) exhibit “immune privilege (IP)” from the level of the bulge
downwards to the bulb. Both passive and active IP mechanisms protect HFs from …

The exponential growth of precision diagnostic tools, including omic technologies, molecular
diagnostics, sophisticated genetic and epigenetic editing, imaging and nano‐technologies …

Tryptophan (TRP), an essential amino acid in mammals, is involved in several physiological
processes including neuronal function, immunity, and gut homeostasis. In humans, TRP is …

Since first described by Paul Ehrlich in 1878, mast cells have been mostly viewed as
effectors of allergy. It has been only in the past two decades that mast cells have gained …

Type 2 inflammatory responses can be elicited by diverse stimuli, including toxins, venoms,
allergens, and infectious agents, and play critical roles in resistance and tolerance …

Dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells are regarded as the classical antigen-presenting
cells of the immune system. However, in recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the …

Background Varicocele (VC) is present in 35-40% of men with infertility. However, current
surgical and antioxidant treatments are not completely effective. In addition to oxidative …

Inflammatory diseases such as arthritis are chronic conditions that fail to resolve
spontaneously. While the cytokine and cellular pathways triggering arthritis are well defined …

Hematopoietic cells, including lymphoid and myeloid cells, can develop into phenotypically
distinct'subpopulations' with different functions. However, evidence indicates that some of …