Cellular metabolism plays a central role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive
immunity. Immune cells utilize metabolic pathways to modulate the cellular differentiation or …

Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is a potential therapeutic strategy for various
diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic …

Mitophagy is a form of autophagy that plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of
functional mitochondria in the cell. Viruses have evolved various strategies to manipulate …

Exposure to crystalline silica (CS) particles in worksites and dwellings can lead to silicosis
due to excessive fibroblast activation. Considering their immuno-regulatory activities, the …

Full‐range therapeutic regimens for osteoarthritis (OA) should consider organs (joints)‐
tissues (cartilage)‐cells (chondrocytes)‐organelles cascade, of which the subcellular …

Bacteria can inhibit the growth of other bacteria by injecting effectors using a type VI
secretion system (T6SS). T6SS effectors can also be injected into eukaryotic cells to facilitate …

Dihydromyricetin (DHY), the main flavonoid component in Ampelopsis grossedentata, has
important benefits for health. The present study aimed to investigate the exact effects and …

Senecavirus A (SVA)-induced porcine idiopathic vesicular disease has caused huge
economic losses worldwide. Glucose metabolism in the host cell is essential for SVA …

Newcastle disease (ND) has been a consistent risk factor to the poultry industry worldwide.
Its pathogen, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is also a promising antitumor treatment …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is widely recognized as the prevailing joint disease associated with
aging. The ketogenic diet (KD) has been postulated to impede the advancement of various …