Caffeine is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in various plants. It acts as a stimulant,
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and even an aid in pain management, and is found in several …

Adenosine, acting both through G-protein coupled adenosine receptors and intracellularly,
plays a complex role in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes by …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), widely expressed in the human central nervous
system (CNS), perform numerous physiological functions and play a significant role in the …

Vision is an important sense for humans, and visual impairment/blindness has a huge
impact in daily life. The retina is a nervous tissue that is essential for visual processing since …

Blockade of the adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) represents a potential novel strategy for
the immunotherapy of cancer. In the present study, we designed, synthesized, and …

The aim of this study was to assess the potential benefits of caffeine intake in protecting
against the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) …

Preterm infants are often treated with caffeine as a respiratory stimulant. However, follow-up
data shows caffeine may also have neuroprotective potential. There are several theories as …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents a significant public health challenge, necessitating
innovative interventions for effective treatment. Recent studies have challenged …

Metabolic syndromes (eg, obesity) are characterized by insulin resistance, chronic
inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidemia. Recently, patients with …

BACKGROUND: Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy disproportionately affects low-
and middle-income countries, where≈ 96% of affected infants reside. The current standard …