Over the last years, hypothalamic inflammation has been linked to the development and
progression of obesity and its sequelae. There is accumulating evidence that this …

Inflammatory activation of microglia is a hallmark of several disorders of the central nervous
system. In addition to protecting the brain against inflammatory insults, microglia are …

Alzheimer's disease is characterized not only by extracellular amyloid plaques and
neurofibrillary tangles, but also by microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation. Recently …

Microglial cells are responsible for immune surveillance within the CNS. They respond to
noxious stimuli by releasing inflammatory mediators and mounting an effective inflammatory …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is widely distributed in the nervous system, is involved in
regulating a variety of biological processes, including food intake, energy metabolism, and …

Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to control microglial
responses in neuropathic pain. Since adenosine A 2A receptors (A 2A Rs) control …

Aim Ischemic damage to the brain is linked to an increased rate of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. In certain parts of the world, it remains a leading cause of mortality and the …

Diet-induced obesity leads to devastating and common chronic diseases, fueling ongoing
interest in determining new mechanisms underlying both obesity and its consequences. It is …

Findings from rodent and human studies show that the presence of inflammatory factors is
positively correlated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Obesity-associated …

In multiple sclerosis (MS), activated microglia and infiltrating macrophages phagocytose
myelin focally in (chronic) active lesions. These demyelinating sites expand in time, but at …