Abstract The Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalayan system, named the Third Pole because it
is the largest global store of frozen water after the polar regions, provides a reliable water …

Global warming-induced melting and thawing of the cryosphere are severely altering the
volume and timing of water supplied from High Mountain Asia, adversely affecting …

Rivers originating in High Mountain Asia are crucial lifelines for one-third of the world's
population. These fragile headwaters are now experiencing amplified climate change …

Long-term satellite-based observations have helped quantify glacier mass change and the
response of the hydrosphere to glacier changes. However, subaqueous mass loss …

Climate change affects cryosphere-fed rivers and alters seasonal sediment dynamics,
affecting cyclical fluvial material supply and year-round water-food-energy provisions to …

Glaciers serve as sensitive indicators of climate change, making accurate glacier boundary
delineation crucial for understanding their response to environmental and local factors …

Interactions between the atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere
are most active in the critical zone, a region extending from the tops of trees to the top of …

China has the largest area of glaciers situated within the middle-and low-latitude areas
worldwide. Rapid changes in mountain glaciers across western China in the last decades …

Abstract Knowledge about the occurrence and characteristics of surge-type glaciers is
crucial due to the impact of surging on glacier melt and glacier-related hazards. One of the …

Geographical names and the entities they represent act as a fundamental cornerstone
across numerous disciplines. However, inconsistent geographical names and arbitrarily …