Filamentous plant pathogens cause disease in numerous economically important crops.
These pathogens secrete virulence proteins, termed effectors, that modulate host cellular …

Highlights•Plant-associated fungi and oomycetes deliver effector proteins into the
apoplast.•Effector proteins function to promote host colonization.•Many characterized …

Plant pathogens secrete proteins, known as effectors, that function in the apoplast or inside
plant cells to promote virulence. Effector recognition by cell-surface or cytosolic receptors …

Fortunately, no fungus can cause disease on all plant species, and although some plant-
pathogenic fungi have quite a broad host range, most are highly limited in the range of plant …

Recognition of a pathogen avirulence (AVR) effector protein by a cognate plant resistance
(R) protein triggers a set of immune responses that render the plant resistant. Pathogens can …

In plants, race‐specific defence against microbial pathogens is facilitated by resistance (R)
genes which correspond to specific pathogen avirulence genes. This study reports the …

During evolution, plants have developed sophisticated ways to cope with different biotic and
abiotic stresses. Phytohormones and secondary metabolites are known to play pivotal roles …

Background Scab, caused by the biotrophic fungus Venturia inaequalis, is the most
economically important disease of apples worldwide. During infection, V. inaequalis …

Canola is an important oilseed crop, providing food, feed, and fuel around the world.
However, blackleg disease, caused by the ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans, causes …

Plant cell surface receptors are at the forefront of defence against pathogens, involved in
pathogen sensing through the detection of conserved molecules named pathogen …