Abstract The Third International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D was held in
Gubbio, Italy, September 10–13, 2019. The conference was held as a follow up to previous …

Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining a healthy mineralized skeleton. It is also
considered an immunomodulatory agent that regulates innate and adaptive immune …

We assessed sunlight and dietary contributions to vitamin D status in British
postmenopausal women. Our true longitudinal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) …

Vitamin D is made in the skin using ultraviolet radiation of specific low wavelength, 290–315
nm (UVB). For many parts of the world there is a period when there is insufficient intensity of …

Introduction Rickets is typically characterized by bone deformities due to defective bone
mineralization and chondrocyte maturation in growing bones. However, infantile rickets …

The body gains vitamin D through both oral intake (diet/supplementation) and synthesis in
skin upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Sun exposure is the major source for most …

Disruption of the skin barrier and immunity has been associated with several skin diseases,
namely atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, and acne. Resident and non-resident immune cells …

The world is currently overwhelmed by a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Clinically,
COVID-19 shows a broad range of manifestations: from asymptomatic to severe and …

The major source of vitamin D in humans is the ultraviolet radiation-dependent cutaneous
synthesis of cholecalciferol; however, low vitamin D status is common in Europe even at mid …

Serum total 25‐OHD is a main marker of vitamin D which represents the intake and sunlight
exposure. Free form of 25‐OHD, the small fraction not bound to a transporter protein has …