Research into the causes of psychopathology has largely focused on two broad etiologic
factors: genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors. An important role for …

Pathological fear and anxiety are highly debilitating and, despite considerable advances in
psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy they remain insufficiently treated in many patients with …

It is unclear how binding of antidepressant drugs to their targets gives rise to the clinical
antidepressant effect. We discovered that the transmembrane domain of tyrosine kinase …

Why do only some individuals develop pathological anxiety following adverse events? Fear
acquisition, extinction and return of fear paradigms serve as experimental learning models …

Post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder and phobia manifest in ways that are
consistent with an uncontrollable state of fear. Their development involves heredity, previous …

Over the past two decades, substantial knowledge has been attained about the mechanisms
underlying the acquisition and subsequent extinction of conditioned fear. Knowledge gained …

Despite the exponential increase in fear research during the last years, few studies have
included female subjects in their design. The need to include females arises from the …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome which serves as a classic example of
psychiatric disorders that result from the intersection of nature and nurture, or gene and …

Lattice-like structures known as perineuronal nets (PNNs) are key components of the
extracellular matrix (ECM). Once fully crystallized by adulthood, they are largely stable …

Infusing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) into the infralimbic (IL) prefrontal cortex is
capable of inducing extinction. Little is known, however, about the circuits mediating BDNF …