Current research efforts on neurodegenerative diseases are focused on identifying novel
and reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and insight into disease progression. Salivary …

Sex is probably the most obvious distinguishing characteristic in humans. Accumulating
evidence demonstrates significant sex differences in brain anatomy, physiology, and …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enveloped particles released from cells to the
extracellular environment and body fluids. During their biosynthesis, lipids, proteins, nucleic …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other
dementias. Current diagnostic methods are invasive and costly, highlighting the need for …

Fluid biomarkers have traditionally been measured in cerebral spinal fluid and blood and
the identification of markers in these biofluids has led to critical advances in biomarker …

Metabolomics approaches have been used to gain new insights and to identify potential
biomarkers in Huntington's disease (HD) for almost two decades. The present chapter …

Mass spectrometry (MS) and proteomics are continuously evolving methods in systems
biology that carry enormous potential for accurately profiling the proteome of diseased …

Objective Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, fully penetrant,
neurodegenerative disease that most commonly affects middle-aged adults. HD is caused …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs; Fig. 1) are nanosized particles enveloped by a lipid bilayer
membrane. They are produced basically by all cell types and are released from cells into the …

Objective Postoperative delirium (POD) has become a critical challenge with severe
consequences and increased incidences as the global population ages. However, the …