Phase noise and frequency (in) stability both describe the fluctuation of stable periodic
signals from somewhat different standpoints. Frequency is unique compared to other …

This paper introduces the Ω counter, a frequency counter-ie, a frequency-to-digital converter-
based on the linear regression (LR) algorithm on time stamps. We discuss the noise of the …

Linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control is one of the known techniques used for steering
atomic clocks to external references. Complexity of the use of the LQG method is caused by …

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors in the form of two-port resonators or delay lines are
widely used in various fields of application. The readout of such sensors is achieved by …

Frequency metrology outperforms any other branch of metrology in accuracy (parts in 10−
16) and small fluctuations (< 10− 17). In turn, among celestial bodies, the rotation speed of …

A new approach to combine the performance of traditional Universal Frequency Counters
(UFC) and high performance Time Interval Analyzers (TIA) in a single instrument in a …

In this paper, we perform a time-domain analysis of the higher-order Allan variance for
atomic clock models of arbitrary order. Adopting a standard atomic clock model where the …

High-performance frequency standards are affected by power-law noises and characterized
by structure functions (ie, variances). These variances with specified averaging time quantify …

The stability of clock largely depends on its underlying oscillator. A clock's time can be
mathematically described as the phase of an oscillator of known period, and its behavior can …

A novel wavelet-like variance similar to the Allan variance, based on the infinitely
differentiable atomic function is introduced. This variance is intended for phase and …