Poultry infection with avian influenza viruses (AIV) is a continuous source of concern for
poultry production and human health. Uncontrolled infection and transmission of AIV in …

Foodborne zoonoses are the most neglected discipline due to a lack of awareness of
potential health hazards, standardized detection methods, and identification of infectious …

Avian influenza viruses (AIV), including the H9N2 subtype, pose a major threat to the poultry
industry as well as to human health. Although vaccination provides a protective control …

H9N2 avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) cause economic losses in the poultry industry and
provide internal genomic segments for the evolution of H5N1 and H7N9 AIVs into more …

Background/Objective: Highly pathogenic (HP) H5Nx and low-pathogenicity (LP) H9N2
avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose global threats to the poultry industry and public health …

For the development of an optimized Egyptian H9N2 vaccine candidate virus for poultry,
various recombinant Egyptian H9N2 viruses generated by a PR8-based reverse genetics …

Clade 2.3. 4.4 c H5N6 avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) may have originally adapted to infect
chickens and have caused highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry and human …

Accepted: January 16, 2021; Published Online: January 20, 2021; https://doi. org/10.1016/j.
xinn. 2021.100084© 2021 The Author (s). This is an open access article under the CC BY …

Since 2007, highly pathogenic clade 2.3. 2 H5N1 avian influenza A (A (H5N1)) viruses have
evolved to clade 2.3. 2.1 a, b, and c; currently only 2.3. 2.1 c A (H5N1) viruses circulate in …

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) pose a constant threat for the poultry industry. Infection with
H9N2 AIV subtypes has been associated with serious outcomes to poultry health and …