The requirement for vitamin A in reproduction was first recognized in the early 1900's, and its
importance in the eyes of developing embryos was realized shortly after. A greater …

All the information to make a complete, fully functional living organism is encoded within the
genome of the fertilized oocyte. How is this genetic code translated into the vast array of …

Human limbs emerge during the fourth post-conception week as mesenchymal buds, which
develop into fully formed limbs over the subsequent months. This process is orchestrated by …

Copy number variations (CNVs) often include noncoding sequences and putative
enhancers, but how these rearrangements induce disease is poorly understood. Here we …

The essential roles of SHH in anteroposterior (AP) and AER-FGF signalling in proximodistal
(PD) limb bud development are well understood. In addition, these morphoregulatory …

Embryonic morphogenesis of a complex organism requires proper regulation of patterning
and directional growth. Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling is emerging as a crucial …

This study re-examined the dying process in the interdigital tissue during the formation of
free digits in the developing limbs. We demonstrated that the interdigital dying process was …

Background One of the most distinctive traits found within Chamaeleonidae is their split/cleft
autopodia and the simplified and divergent morphology of the mesopodial skeleton. These …

Physiological cell death is a key mechanism that ensures appropriate development and
maintenance of tissues and organs in multicellular organisms. Most structures in the …

Considering the importance of programmed cell death in the formation of the skeleton during
embryonic development, the aim of the present study was to analyze whether regulated cell …