Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the failure of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells (or β-
cell death) due to either autoimmunity (type 1 diabetes mellitus) or failure to compensate for …

Hundreds of millions of people are affected by hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, obesity
and the dysglycaemia that mark a common progression from metabolic health to type 2 …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as an intracellular Ca2+ store not only sets up cytosolic
Ca2+ signals, but, among other functions, also assembles and folds newly synthesized …

Background Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are increasingly prevalent in society and
their complications and response to treatment exhibit sexual dimorphism. Mouse models of …

Abstract Intracellular calcium (Ca 2+) is a critical coordinator of various aspects of cellular
physiology. It is increasingly apparent that changes in cellular Ca 2+ dynamics contribute to …

The concept of glucolipotoxicity refers to the combined, deleterious effects of elevated
glucose, and fatty acid levels on pancreatic beta-cell function and survival. Significant …

Type 1 diabetes is preceded by islet β-cell dysfunction, but the mechanisms leading to β-cell
dysfunction have not been rigorously studied. Because immune cell infiltration occurs prior …

Failure of the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain optimal folding of pro-insulin in
the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to unresolved ER stress and β cell death. This …

Abstract Changes in cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+] c) play a crucial role in the
control of insulin secretion from the electrically excitable pancreatic β-cell. Secretion is …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and they serve to
be a promising therapeutic target for several neurodegenerative disorders, which includes …