Background The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of
aerobic metabolism, and while these particular'reactive oxygen species'(ROSs) can exhibit a …

Computer models are valuable tools towards an understanding of the cell's biochemical
regulatory machinery. Possible levels of description of such models range from modelling …

The availability of large data sets has allowed researchers to uncover complex properties
such as large-scale fluctuations and heterogeneities in many networks, leading to the …

Cells in multicellular organisms switch between distinct cell fates, such as proliferation or
differentiation into specialized cell types. Genome-wide gene regulatory networks govern …

Background Despite decades of new discoveries in biomedical research, the overwhelming
complexity of cells has been a significant barrier to a fundamental understanding of how …

Flowers are icons in developmental studies of complex structures. The vast majority of
250,000 angiosperm plant species have flowers with a conserved organ plan bearing …

The history of life involves countless evolutionary innovations, a steady stream of ingenuity
that has been flowing for more than 3 billion years. Very little is known about the principles of …

Phase transitions--changes between different states of organization in a complex system--
have long helped to explain physics concepts, such as why water freezes into a solid or …

The topology of cellular circuits (the who-interacts-with-whom) is key to understand their
robustness to both mutations and noise. The reason is that many biochemical parameters …

We determine stability and attractor properties of random Boolean genetic network models
with canalyzing rules for a variety of architectures. For all power law, exponential, and flat in …